9 ways he thinks differently — from first principles to existential purpose.
Charles Steel goes deep into Musk's belief system. He traces how an early existential crisis — shaped by trauma, neurodivergence, and the influence of Douglas Adams and The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy — led Musk to embrace uncertainty, obsess over first principles, and pursue meaning through expanding human consciousness.
This isn't a biography in the traditional sense. It's a map of how one of the most driven people on the planet actually thinks — and why he thinks that way.
There are two great Musk books right now: Jorgenson's Almanack-style compilation asks "what can we apply from how he thinks?" while Steel asks the deeper question — "what philosophical commitments make him who he is?" Steel tells us about the influences that shaped Musk's thinking: what books he read, what ideas obsessed him, and how an awkward kid from South Africa became someone who genuinely believes he needs to save civilization. Read both if you can — Jorgenson for the practical stuff, Steel for the deeper why.